Ua hana pinepineʻia nā'aniani Italia i ka puaʻa: salami, ka momona, salsiccia, finocchiona, pancetta, a pēlā aku, i kapaʻia he salima . I ka wā ma mua, ua hanaʻia kēia mau mea i ka wā i paʻiʻia nā puaa i ka hopena o ka hāʻuleʻana aiʻole i ke kau o ka hoʻoilo a hoʻokuʻuʻia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka lako o ka meaʻai i loko o nā mahina hoʻolālā i ka wā e pauʻole ai kaʻai i kaʻai. Ma muli o ka loli iki o ko lākou mau inoa mai kahi a ma kahi o Italia, e hoʻomaka mākou ma ka haʻiʻana i keʻano o kēia mau hua'ōlelo ma Tuscany, kahi e noho nei au:
Salami
He nui ia (3-4 iniha i kēlā me kēia) i ka hausaʻi i hanaʻia me ka puaʻa momona a me nā kupima momona, kūkō me ke kāleka, ka paʻakai, a me nā meaʻala, a komo i loko o ka pūpū nui o ka puaʻa. ʻO ia ka'ōpiopio liʻiliʻi he salamino, me ka likeʻana o ka momona (hiki i ka momona keʻoluʻolu iki) akā hoʻokahi wale nō iniha ka lahilahi. Ke kaulana nei ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Felino, ma Emilia Romagna, no kona salamino. ʻO Salamino piccante,ʻo ka sālamino'ōpiopio, i hanaʻia me ka pepaʻulaʻula nui e hāʻawi i kaʻalani maʻamau; ma ka US uaʻikeʻiaʻo pepperoni.
Hōʻike
Ua kākau nā kānaka i nā puke e pili ana iā Northern Italia. ʻO ka'ōlelo nui, hiki iā lākou ke māhele i nā'āpanaʻelua, dolce (sweet), ka salato , casalingo , aʻo Toscano (paʻakai, homemade, a Tuscan). ʻO ka mua iʻoi aku ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO nāʻano maʻamau o ka waiwai palekanaʻo Parma lāuaʻo San Daniele. ʻO nā meaʻelua he meaʻulaʻula loa a he momona keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopuniʻia ka mua a paʻakikī hoʻi,ʻoiai ua hoʻokomoʻia ka hopena e hāʻawi iā lākou i ko lākouʻano "Stradivarian" (e nā wāhine, e like me ka Consorzio -ʻaʻohe hemahema o nā kānaka).
ʻO ka uku o ka salato , ma kekahiʻaoʻao, uaʻoi aku ka paʻakai nui a ua holoiʻia hoʻi me kahi meaʻala i kapaʻiaʻo agliata , i hanaʻia me ke kāleka a me ka pepa. ʻO kaʻiʻo iʻeleʻele pinepine i kaʻula, a hiki ke momona ka momona.
ʻO ka hopena, maʻItalia,ʻo ka palakoutto crut e pili ana i ka'ōmole, ka hamo paʻakai. ʻO ka hamo i'ōpala, ka mea i hoʻokomoʻia i nā makahiki 60, ua kapaʻiaʻo ka homeprocito cotto - koe naʻe ma nā pizzeria menus, kahi e kūpono ai ke kūpono aʻo ka pono maoli ka inoaʻo ia ka inoa o prosciutto crudo .
ʻO Salsiccia
Hoʻopili pūnaewele , i hanaʻia me ka puaʻa ala, ka momona pork momona, nā meaʻala, a me nā mea kanu. Ua pau lākou iʻekolu mauʻano likeʻole.
ʻO ke kumu hou, i ka sanwī (he mea hou loa ia, a he mea nui loa kaʻiʻo puaʻa maikaʻi eʻai ai ia mau mea -ʻoi aku ka nui o ka meaʻoi aʻe ma mua o kaʻu.).
Hiki i ka mea hou - e like me ka mea ma ka'akihi a iʻole hoʻi me ka weheʻia o ka pahu, e like me ka mea komo i loko o nā meaʻai'ē aʻe (e like me keʻano, e ho'āʻo i ke kinakiʻana i nā kui i hoʻoheheʻeʻia i loko o ka lua i ka manawa e hoʻomoʻa aiʻoe i ka moa a pau ).
Pāpaʻiʻia ka sliced, i ka wā iʻelemakule ai lākou no kekahi mau mahina. I kēiaʻano, ua like lākou me ka salami a hiki ke lilo i mea mālama maoli.
Finocchiona
Heʻano likeʻole ia i ka salami i manaʻoʻia he kumu ia i kaʻaihue i kahi kokoke kokoke i ke kūlanakauhaleʻo Prato,ʻo ia ka mea iʻaihue i ka salami hou a hūnā ia i loko o ka pā o ka pale kuhi. I kona hoʻiʻana mai no ia mea, uaʻikeʻo ia ua laweʻo ia i nā'āpana o kona wahi hūnā, a ua kūpono i nā akua. ʻEluaʻano o finocchiona.
Hoʻokahi kahi i kapaʻia he finocchiona, a ua hanaʻia me ka puaʻa momona a momona, kauʻia me ka fennel, aʻelemakule no kekahi manawa; ua kūpaʻa loa.
ʻO kekahi i kapaʻia he sbriciolona, he hua'ōlelo e pili ana i ke kaniʻuhū, a me ka likeʻana o ka paila, uaʻoi aku ka māmā - noʻonoʻo a'ōwili wale nō ia a hiki i ka hoʻopiliʻia e like me ka hapalua iniha.
ʻO kahi sbriciolona maikaʻi he pāʻina kupaianaha, keʻole ma kahi'āpana o schiacciata (kahi papaʻi Tuscan e like me ka focaccia).
Pancetta
ʻOiai iʻikeʻiaʻo rigatino (ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi) a me ka lole (kaʻiʻo i hoʻomapalaʻia), ua hanaʻia kēia mai ka'āpana hoʻokahi i hoʻohanaʻia no ka baʻa. Akā naʻe,ʻaʻole i puhiʻia (aia nō i kēia manawa i nāʻanoʻelua: dolce [sweet] and affumicata [ulaula]), aʻaʻole he kō. 'Apau wale nō ka paʻakai, ka paʻakai, a me nā meaʻala, ma kahiʻano maikaʻi loa, o ka pāʻani liʻiliʻi o ka pepa pepa hou . Ua aneane mauʻia i mea hoʻohana i loko o nā kīʻaha'ē aʻe, i kekahi manawa e hāʻawi ana i ka meaʻono, a i kekahi mau manawa e lawe i kahi hana kauoha, e like me ka mea pasta alla carbonara, a me ka petarbabbiata pasta waiwai. Hiki ke kūʻaiʻiaʻo Pancetta i ka'ōwili a me ke kaula, i kēlā manawa ua kapaʻiaʻo pancetta arrotolata .
Capocollo
ʻIkeʻia hoʻiʻo coppa,ʻo ia ke olala i ka poʻohiwi.
Hoʻohui hou, a hoʻomākaukauʻia me ka paʻakai, nā mea kanu, a me nā meaʻala.
Lardo
Ua unuhiʻia ka hua'ōlelo e like me ka paila, aʻo ia keʻano o kēia,ʻo ka momona momona me nā'ōpū lahilahi o kaʻiʻoʻulaʻula, ho'ōlaʻia me nā mea kanu, ka pepa, a me ka paʻakai. ʻO ka poho Italia kaulana iʻikeʻia mai kahi kūlanakauhale i kapaʻiaʻo Colonnata, kahi e waiho ana ma kahi pāpale ma waena o nā'āpana pōhaku ma ka Apuans ma luna o Carrara. Aiaʻo ia iʻelemakule ma nā pōhaku paʻi keʻokeʻo Carrara marble.
Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Lardo e like me kahi meaʻono i loko o nā meaʻai'ē aʻe (i nā'āpana liʻiliʻi, aiʻole ia i hoʻopiliʻia i ka'ōpala o kaʻiʻo), akā inā he maikaʻi loa, ua hoʻohanaʻia ke akua i-e, ka berena. Inā hiki i kāu helu cholesterol ke lawe iā ia,ʻo ia kekahi o ke keu o ka antipasti.
ʻO ka mea i hoʻohanaʻia no ka kukeʻana, e like me ka momona, ua kapaʻiaʻo ka'āpana.
ʻO Soppressata
I Tuscany, he mīkii kēia i hana muaʻia mai nā'āpana pua puaʻa -ʻo ka pilahi, ka lole o kaʻiʻo, a pēlā aku, i komo i loko o kaʻili o ka holoholona a i kālua. No laila, i ka nānāʻana, heʻanoʻano like ia me kahi pale, ua hoʻopauʻia ka puaʻa'āpī i kahi kaula. Eia nō naʻe, heʻokoʻa loa kaʻoihana aʻoi aku; ʻike ka poʻe e like me ia ma mua o ka hāʻawiʻana.
ʻO Trichinosis, mahaloʻoe? ʻAʻoleʻikeʻia i Italia. ʻO ka paʻakai a me keʻano o kaʻelemakule, ua hoʻomaopopoʻia iaʻu, mālama i nā pāpaʻi. I keʻano o nā manawa, pono iāʻoe ke helu i kāu mau meaʻai, koe wale no ka hausa, no ka lōʻihi o 40 mau lā, a me nā mea he nui, e like me ka laʻana, he pōkole,ʻo ka manawa hoʻolālā e lōʻihi loa. Loaʻa ka poʻe i ka lōʻihi i hoʻokahi makahiki, a kauʻia paha i kahi hoʻomaha maikaʻi a ma lalo o ke ahi ahi.
He aha kāu mea e pono ai e hana i nā kīnā ma ka hale?
- ʻO kaʻiʻo,ʻo ia hoʻi ka puaʻa momona maikaʻi, inā he mea hiki i ka holoholona i hānaiʻia i ke kino.
- He momona ka puaʻa. ʻO keʻano hou, ka maikaʻi loa a me keʻano hou.
- Kāleka.
- ʻO ka paʻakai. E hele wau me ka paʻakai moana. I Italia, ua kapaʻiaʻo Sale Marino a kūʻaiʻia i loko o nā'āpanaʻeleʻele a maikaʻi. Hiki ke mālamaʻia ka paʻakai non-kele e like me ka paʻakai maʻemaʻe, me nā meaʻole. Eʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka'ōniʻoniʻo maikaʻi ma nā kīʻaha; i kou wā e aloha ai i kaʻokiʻana mai waho mai e hana paha inā paha e hele wau me ka maikaʻi.
- Ehia na paakai? ʻO Norcini (nā mea akamai i ka pua puaʻa) ua kamaʻilio wau e'ōlelo e hoʻohana i ka 2.5-2.8% ke kaupaona ke hanaʻia ka salami a iʻole kekahi mauʻokiʻeleʻele e komo i loko o nā pahu. No laila, inā 100 mau paona o ka hui salami, ponoʻoe i ka 2.5 paona paakai. No nā kīʻalo e hoʻomolapalaʻia, e like me ka laʻana, cotechino , hoʻonui lākou i ka paʻakai i kahi o 3%, a ma ke kaupaona. Me ka papaʻole 3% ka mea eʻona ai kaʻiʻo,'ōlelo lākou,ʻoiai me ka liʻiliʻi o 2% kaʻiʻo e hiki ke hao.
- ʻO nā meaʻai, hiki ke komo i nā peppercorns a pau, nutmeg, nā pulu fennel, ka kinamona, a me nā cloves, ma muli o nā leka.
- ʻO kahi mea mīhiniʻai. Hiki ke maikaʻi keʻano o ka hana i ka pahu uila, akā makemakeʻoe i ka mīkini mikaliki inā e hanaʻoe me nā puke nui.
- Nā haka haka . Wahi a Cassandra Vivian, ke kūʻaiʻia nei nā hale kūʻai i ka paʻakai, a mālamaʻia kekahi puka hoʻokipa no hoʻokahi makahiki aʻoi aku paha i ka uhiʻana i ka paʻakai. No ka hoʻohanaʻana iā lākou,'ōleloʻo ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou a paipai iā lākou no 5 mau minuke.
ʻO kahi hua'ōlelo e pili ana i ke kaʻina hana. ʻOiaiʻaʻoleʻoe e makemake e kāʻei a kaʻawale i kahi pahu,ʻaʻoleʻoe e makemake i nā mokulele e noho ai, no ka mea, inā e waiho ana ka waihona ea, e lilo ia i wahi no ka spoilage. - ʻO kahi mea kūʻai (kahi mea i kapaʻia he pettinino ma Tuscany - he kōkō me nā kui kuʻi he nui e hele mai ana mai laila mai, ua hoʻohanaʻia no kaʻokiʻana i ka casing after it's stuffed.
Recipes a me nā'ōlelo aʻo
ʻO Sala Toscano
ʻAnoʻono, hoʻolimalimaʻia me ke kāleka, ka paʻakai, a me kahi mea liʻiliʻi.
Pancetta
He mea ho'āla maikaʻi loa i loko o nā kīʻaha he nui.
Hōʻikeʻiaʻo Toscano
ʻO Tuscan hōʻailona ham kekahi o nā meaʻoluʻolu maoli o ke ola.
Finocchiona
Hīlike i ka salami, akā me kaʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻopuniʻia me ka fennel.
La Luciaʻo La Salsiccia
Nā mīkiniʻona Tuscan.
Nā mea hoihoi, nā hana maikaʻi maikaʻi, a me nā hōʻailona olakino. Mai ka Laosa Lā Family Secret.
[Hoʻoponoponoʻia e Danette St. Onge ma ka lā 26 o Mei, 2016.]