ʻO kaʻaiʻana i nā meaʻai e uluʻia e nā mea hanu hikiʻole keʻikeʻia he inoa bacteria. ʻO nā kino kahi i hele ai, aʻo ka hapanui o lākouʻaʻole lākou e hanaʻino iā mākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo kekahi o lākou he mea maikaʻi no mākou.
He aha keʻano hana o ka bacteria?
I ka heleʻana o nā meaola ola,ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka bacteri. Hoʻokahi mea,ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke neʻe. ʻO ka manawa wale nō e hele ai lākou i kahi a kahi e neʻe ai kekahi. (Nānā: He aha ke Cross-Contamination? ) Aʻole, noho pono lākou i kahi o lākou.
Inā pōkile lākou,ʻai lākou, a inā he laʻa maikaʻi lākou, e kiʻi hou lākou.
Hana lākou i kēia ma keʻokiʻana iʻelua mau mea like. A laila,'ōwiliʻia kēlā mea kēia mea, a pēlā aku nō. Hoʻomaopopo kekahi i kēia hanaʻelua aʻekolu paha i ka hola.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino,ʻo ka lōʻihiʻana o kēia mau mea,ʻo ka nui o kaʻaihueʻana i kā mākouʻai, no ka meaʻo ia kā lākou e ola nei -ʻo kā mākouʻai. ʻO nā meaʻai nui loa i loko o ka protein, e like me ka meaʻai, ka moa, iʻa, nā hua a me nā hua puaʻa.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, e hele kekahi o lākou eʻai i nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e like me nā hua a me nā huaʻai, akāʻo ka nui loa o ia mau mea. ʻO ia ke kumu o kaʻona i waihoʻia ma kāu papa kīhini no nā lā he mau lā e mālama pono i kaʻai,ʻoiaiʻaʻole kahi o kahi steak e maopopo.
ʻAiʻia kaʻai V. Meaʻai weliweli
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i kaʻaiʻana i kaʻai i meaʻaiʻole. Hoʻokahi nō mea,ʻaʻole eʻai ka hapanui o nā kānaka i ka meaʻona e pana maikaʻi, nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā mea'ē aʻe.
ʻAʻole hiki iāʻoe ke loaʻa i ka meaʻeleʻeleʻai mai kahi mea āu iʻaiʻole ai.
Eia kekahi,ʻo nā microorganisms e hoʻoulu ai i ka meaʻai maʻamauʻole he meaʻino iā mākou. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, i nā kenekulia ma mua o nā friji, ua hoʻohanaʻia nā meaʻai a me nā mea hoʻonaninani e pale i ka "off" a me nā momi o ka meaʻai i hoʻomaka e hao.
Hoʻomaka kēia i kaʻoiaʻiʻo ma nā wahi o ka honua kahi i loaʻaʻole ai i nā poʻe home (refrigeration units) (aʻo ka nui o ka poʻe i ola ma ka Honua i kēia lā).
ʻO ka bacteria e pili nei iā mākou mai kahi mea palekana palekana meaʻai ka mea i kapaʻia "pathogens" e hoʻopiʻi ai i ka meaʻai . Aʻo kēia mau mea likeʻole, like salmonella a me E. coli ,ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻonani i nāʻala, keʻaʻa a me ka hoʻololiʻana i ka meaʻai - heʻano mālie, a me kekahiʻano wehewehe.
ʻO ka mālamaʻana i nā hua'ōlelo
Pehea pehea mākou e mālama ai i kēia mau nasties? Hoʻokahiʻaoʻao e lilo i ka pōloliʻana iā lākou. E like me ka mea i hōʻikeʻia ma luna nei, loaʻa i ka kino keʻai e ola ai. E hoʻolei i ka meaʻai, a nalowale kāu maʻi bacteria. ʻO ka mea pōʻino,ʻoiai, me kaʻole o kaʻai,ʻaʻole i nui ka hāʻawiʻana i kaʻoihana mahiʻai.
No laila, e manaʻo mākou he meaʻai ka meaʻai o ka hoohalike. Loaʻa kaʻoihana'ē aʻe i nā mea'ē aʻe, pololei loa, nā koi, e hiki ke hoʻonāʻia kēlā me kēia mea i kekahiʻano. ʻEono o lākou,ʻoiaʻiʻo . A me ka meaʻai, e manaʻoʻia hoʻi ke ola o ka oxygen. Ināʻoleʻoe he loea o ka hana mālama holoholona , e hoʻomākaukau ana i kahi mea e like me ka'ā'ī leke , hiki mai ka oxygen me ka'āina.
ʻEhā mau kumu'ē aʻe e hiki iā mākou ke mālama:
- ʻO ke kai
- Wā
- Hau
- PH Level (Acidity)
Ka Hoʻolālā Ola
Aia kahi hua'ōlelo i loko o ka meaʻaiʻai: "E hoʻomau i nā mea anu a wela, a mālama i nā mea wela wela."
ʻO ka mālamaʻana i nā meaʻaiʻeleʻele,ʻo ia ka mālamaʻana ia lākou i nā mahana ma waena o 40 ° F, kahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai ka refrigeration ma, a hiki i ka 0 ° F, kahi e makemake aiʻoe i ka mea pāʻani. Ke hoʻonui mau nei ke kino i nā mahana wela, ua hana wale lākou i kahiʻoi aku.
Ma nā hola anuanu, piʻi koke ka maʻi bacteria e kokoke i nil.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke pepehi iā lākou, akā -ʻo nā mea a pau e hana aiʻo ia ke maʻa. Ke hoʻopauʻoe i kēlāʻai, e makaʻala! ʻO nā mea i loaʻa ma mua o ka maloo, e hoʻomaha a hoʻomaka hou e hoʻonui - me ka hoʻopaʻi.
Ka Paʻi Pōʻino Ola Pāʻani
Keʻike neiʻoe, e ulu ana nā huapalapala ma waena o 41 ° F a me 140 ° F, kahiʻano o nā mahana iʻikeʻiaʻo ka Pālākiu Pālākika . ʻAʻole paha he mea kupanaha,ʻo ia keʻano wela like e ulu ai nā kānaka.
ʻAʻoleʻo ia wale nō, akā,ʻo ka kino maoli o ko mākou kino maoli i ka 98.6 ° F ka mea i kūpono i waenakonu o kēlā Zone Daniela,ʻaʻohe luhi. ʻAʻole hiki ke kali ka lāʻau i loko o mākou. Ke hana koke lākou i ko mākou'ōpū, ua like ia me kahi bacteria Mardi Gras.
No ka hoʻohaʻahaʻaʻana i kēia pilikia,ʻaʻole pono eʻaeʻia nā mea make e hoʻolālāʻia e hoʻonui i kahi hola ma ka Food Temperature Danger Zone - ma keʻano. ʻO kēlā aʻoi aku paha ma mua o kēlā a me ke kuʻiʻia a hoʻoleiʻia paha.
Eia ke pākaukau e hōʻike ana i nā mahana wela o ka Zone Pālākika Malu.
Ka mālamaʻana i nā meaʻaiʻenehana Hot
ʻO ka mālamaʻana i nā mea wela e hoʻonā ana i nā mea'ē aʻe. Hoʻonui hou ka uluʻana o ka ulu i nā mahana iʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 140 ° F, no laila, pono e mālamaʻia nā mea wela e lawelaweʻia nei ma kahi kīʻaha, ma mua o kēlā me kēia manawa.
E noʻonoʻo i ka 140 ° Fʻaʻole e pepehi i ka huapiʻiku - ke hoʻopau wale nei iā lākou mai ka hoʻomāhuahuaʻana.
Inā makemakeʻoe e pepehi i ka bacteria, ponoʻoe e wela a hiki i ka 165 ° F. Hoʻohuiʻia kēia kānāwai hoʻokahi i ka meaʻai i hoʻomoʻaʻia e pono e emi iho i lalo o 140 ° F - loaʻa iāʻoe ka hola, nui. Ma hope o kēlā, ponoʻoe e wela i ka 165 ° F hou a e hoʻolei paha. A ma ke ala, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo hoʻokahi wale nō. Inā e emi iho i lalo o 140 ° F i ka manawaʻelua, pono iāʻoe e hoʻolili.
Lohi: Ke kali nei noʻAʻohe Mea!
Lohi ka lima i ka lima me ka mahana e hoʻouluʻi i ka uluʻana o ka maʻi. E'ōlelo mākou e kūʻai mai i kahi pōpō o ka umauma moa laʻaʻole. Malia paha i loko o kāu kaʻa kūʻai no 15 mau minuke ma ke ke kūʻaiʻana, aia i loko o kāu kaʻa no kahi mau minuke he 15 ke hoʻokuʻuʻoe i ka home. No laila ma mua o ka loaʻaʻana o kēlā moa i ka home, he 30 mau minuke ka hua bacteri e holo ai.
A laila ma hope aku hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolimalima hou aku i kahi mau minuke he 15 ma kāu kākoʻo a ke hoʻomākaukau neiʻoe iā lākou, me ka laweʻana i ka lōʻihi i ka 45 mau minuke i hala. E like me kouʻike,ʻaʻoleʻoe i kahi lumi nui loa.
Hau
E like me nā mea ola a pau, he wai ola e ola ai. ʻO nā meaʻai i kaʻenehana e like me ka meaʻai, ka mea hānai, ka iʻa iʻa a me nā hua laʻa, a me nā huaʻai a me nā huaʻai, kahi kumu hānau mua ia no nā meaʻinoʻeha. ʻO nā meaʻai ala liʻiliʻi,ʻo ia hoʻi nā'ōpala maloʻo a me nā lekile e like me ka raiki a iʻole nā pi, e mālama mau no ka wā lōʻihi me ka hoʻopōʻinoʻole a iʻole ke kauʻana i ka hua.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka mea hoʻohana ma muli o ke kaʻina i kapaʻiaʻo osmosis, ke kohu a me ka paʻakai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maoli i ka makuku o ka huakīpika, me ka pepehi maikaʻi iā lākou ma ka wai maloʻo. Ma muli o ka hopena, e mālama nuiʻia ka paʻakai a me ka sugar e mālama ai i nā meaʻai -ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻohanaʻia ai ka paʻakai a me ka sugar i loko o ka hanaʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i nā meaʻai.
pH piʻi (Acidity)
pH he ana keʻano o ka waikaʻa, a ke holo nei ia ma ka pālākiō o ka 0 a 14. Ma lalo o ka 7 i manaʻoʻia he waikawa aʻo kekahi mea iʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 7 ua manaʻoʻia he kumu. Hoʻohālikelikeʻia kahiʻilima o 7 i palekana. ʻO ka lawaiʻa, he laʻana, he pH 7.
Ma ka huliʻana,ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino ke kū i kekahi mea likeʻole acidic a iʻole kānalua. No nā hua bacteria e holomua, ponoʻole ka'ōlohelohe pH.
E koho, pehea ka meaʻai e hāʻule ai i loko o ia kāwai? ʻOihana - nā huahana holoholona e like me ka iʻa, kaʻiʻo, ka moa, nā hua a me ka waiū.
ʻO ka mea likeʻole, he kiʻekiʻe ka pH i nā huaʻai a me ka paku me ka'āʻole, akā hoʻololiʻole - no laila,ʻoi aku ka pōʻino - i ka wā iʻakoʻia. ʻO nā meaʻona nui e like me ka citrus, ka'ōmato, nā'ōhiʻa, ka vineka, nā hua a pēlā aku, heʻano pāʻaniʻole ia i ka huakino mai kahi hiʻohiʻona pH. E ulu ana lākou, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi.
(No lailaʻaʻoleʻoe e mālama i ke ketchup i loko o ka pahu hau hau .)ʻAʻoleʻoe e hana pēlā,ʻoʻoe?)
Nā hopena
Hiki keʻano he nui nāʻano e mālama ai i ka uluʻana o ka hua bacteri i kā mākou meaʻai - aʻo keʻano maoli,ʻoiaʻiʻo. Akāʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke mālama i ka manawa. Hoʻomaha mau ia me ka meaʻole.
Aʻoiai mākou e hoʻololi i ka māmā a me ka waiʻawa o nā meaʻai,ʻo ka hilinaʻiʻana i kēlā hana,ʻo ia wale nō ka manaʻo eʻai i ka nui o nā moa a me nā hua. No kēlā kumu,ʻo ka pāmahana ka mea nui loa i ka mālamaʻana i ka hoʻolahaʻana i nā maʻi e hānaiʻia ana.
Eia ke pākaukau e hōʻike ana i nā mahana wela o ka Zone Pālākika Malu .