Nā PapaʻUla
Nui nāʻano likeʻole o ka palaoa ma ke kāleka i kēia lā a me kaʻike iki liʻiliʻi, hiki iāʻoe ke hoʻokele i ka wāwae e hanaʻia e like me kahi pā. E aʻo e pili ana i nā māhele, nāʻano a me nā hoʻohana maikaʻi loa no nāʻano maʻamau o ka palaoa.
ʻO ka lepo ka mea i hoʻohuhuʻia i ka wā e pulupuluʻia ai ka hua maloʻo. Hōʻaloʻia kēia i ka hanaʻili. ʻO nāʻanoʻano likeʻole o ka palaoa i hanaʻia mai ka palaoa mai hiki ke hanaʻia kekahi meaʻai i palaoa, e like me ka laiki, kaʻohi, ka palaoa a me ka bale.
Nā Māhele o kaʻUla
Ma waho aʻe o kaʻano o ka palaoa i hoʻohanaʻia,ʻano likeʻole ka palaoa ma muli o ka hapa o ka palaoa e mālamaʻia i ka manawa o ka palaoa. Hiki i kēia ke komo i ka hopena, ka lālā, a me ka pua.
- Endosperm: ʻO kēia ke kikowaena nui o ka palaoa, kahi e loaʻa ai nā'ōpona'okōhaku, protein a me ka liʻiliʻi o kaʻaila. ʻO nā'āpana keʻokeʻo nui wale nō kēia wale nō o kēia'āpana o ka palaoa.
- Kaha: ʻO ka pahu waho o ka palaoa, i kapaʻia he bran, hoʻohui i keʻano, ka lau, a me ka fiber i ka palaoa. Hāʻawiʻo Bran i nā huaʻokoʻa i mea e kālai ai i ko lākouʻanoʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo a me keʻano o nāʻano.
- ʻO Germ: ʻO ka huapalapa ka mea hanu hānau o ka palaoa aʻo ia kahi punahele o nā meaʻai. ʻO ka lepo e hoʻomau i ka māmā i ka wā o ka palaoa ka nui o nā huaora, nā minela, a me ka fiber.
- Gluten:ʻO Gluten kekahi pūmua i loaʻa ma ka hopena o ka palaoa. Hāʻawi ia i ka ikaika, elasticity a me keʻano o nā mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia i ka mea hūna me ka pīpī .
Nā Kūlaʻi Kūikawā
Ka Hopua Aʻo: E hanaʻia ka palaoa mai ka hopena o ka palaoa. Hoʻomaʻa pinepineʻia kēia palaoa i mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai, a keʻokeʻo ke nānā aku a hoʻokomoʻia i nā meaʻai i nalowale no ka laweʻiaʻana o ka pua a me ka lalā. ʻO ka palaoa a pau, heʻano kaulike o ka maloʻo a me ka protein e hiki ai ke hoʻohanaʻia i nāʻano hua likeʻole me kaʻole kaumaha aʻoiʻole paha.
Kūleʻaʻia: ʻO ka palaoa i kūʻoleʻia e like me ka mea like i ka palaoa āpau aʻaʻole i maʻalahi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ponoʻia i ka palaoa i ka palaoa e like me nā meaʻai e like me ka palaoa. ʻO ka palaoa pāʻole kahi mea maikaʻi loa no ka poʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻa o ka'ōlaʻau a me kaʻikeʻana i nā meaola.
Bread Flour:ʻO ka palaoa o ka palaoa heʻoi aʻe ka lakene o ka pilikino i nā'ōpona'okōpika ma mua o nā kumuhana a pau, kahi e lawe mai ai i ka paila. ʻO ka mālili māliki ikaika ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ka hanana i ka piʻiʻana o ka paila a hāʻawi i ka hua hope i kahiʻano maikaʻi a maikaʻi.
Cake Flour:ʻO ka palaoa i loko o ka lepo iʻoi aʻe ka pilina ma mua o nā kumu a pau a ua hoʻonuiʻia i kahi kikokikona maikaʻi. ʻO kēia mau meaʻelua i hoʻohuiʻia e hana i kahi'ūpili māmā aʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepineʻia ka'ōpala i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona helehelena.
Pastry Flour: Loaʻa ka palaoa pākani i nā mea pilikino a aia ma waena o nā kumu a me ka palaoa palaoa a me ka palaoa. ʻO ka hua'ōlelo maikaʻi e hoʻopukaʻia ka'ōpala paʻipaʻi flakey i ka manawa o ka papahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e pale ai i nā mea pāʻani mai ka'ōwili a iʻole i ke kolohe. Ma waho aʻe o nā meaʻahaʻaina, he mea nui hoʻi kēia palaoa no ka hanaʻana i nā kuki , nā biscuits, a me nā mea wikiwiki.
Ka Lāʻiliʻana: Ke hoʻohana nuiʻia ka palaoa e hana i nā kuki a me nā meaʻai wikiwiki'ē aʻe. Laweʻia i loko o ka palaoa a me ka paʻakai a me kahi meaʻaila e hoʻomoʻa ai i ka lepo .
ʻAʻole pono ke hoʻohanaʻia ka palaoa ākea e hana i nā mea hū.
Whole Wheat: Hanaʻia ka palaoa palaoa ma kaʻohiʻana i ka palaoa a pau (endosperm, bran, a germ). ʻO ka palaoa iʻoi aku nā meaʻai a me ka fiber ma mua o nā kumu a pau e kaulana ai nā kānaka olakino. No ka hikiʻana i ka lālā ke hoʻopili i ka hanaʻana o ka ululāʻau mālulu i ka paila palaoa,ʻo ka palaoa a pau ka palaoa iʻoi aku ka nui aʻoi aku ka nui o ka palaoa ma mua o nā kumuhana a pau.
Pōhaku Papa: Pākahi ka palaoa ākea'āina e like me ka palaoa palaoa āpau akā ua hoʻopihaʻia i kahi kikokikona. Hoʻonuiʻia ka palaoa papa pōhaku no konaʻano kiko'īʻano maʻalahi a me ka nānāʻana i ka'ō'ō.
Semolina:ʻO Semolina ka palaoa i hanaʻia mai kahiʻano palaoa likeʻole i kapaʻiaʻo Durum. ʻO ka'ōmu o ka kululu he mea nui i loaʻa i ke kinetua, no ka hāʻawiʻana i kahi'āpanaʻeleʻele. No kēia kumu, hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo semolina e hana i ka pasta.
Rice Flour: Ua hanaʻia kēiaʻaila mai ka mīkaʻuʻana i ka laiki a hiki ke loaʻa iā ia i nāʻano keʻokeʻo (endosperm wale) a me nāʻanoʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka'iliala ma keʻano o ka palaoa ma mua o ka huapalaoa o ka palaoa, a he koho kaulana i waena o ka poʻe i'aleʻaʻole i ka gluten.
ʻO Masa Harina:ʻO Masa Harina ka palaoa i hanaʻia mai ka palaoa palaoa i mālamaʻia me kahiʻonika kūmole, i loko o ka waihona lime. Hiki i ka lime ke kōkua i ka weheʻana i kaʻili o ka palaoa ma mua o ka miliʻana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka meaʻai o ka palaoa. Hoʻokomoʻiaʻo Masa harina e hana i nā tortillas, nā keiki a me nā meaʻai'ē aʻe i kaulana ma Central Central.