ʻO Port - ka waina kaulana loa o ka honua
Ma waho o ka waina kaulana loa o ka honua, hāʻawiʻo Port me ka lokomaikaʻi i ka papa moʻolelo kūikawā a nui loa, i nā mea a pau i loko o ke aniani hoʻokahi. No kaʻikeʻana i ka Port, he mea koʻikoʻi kaʻikeʻana i kahi o kona moʻolelo hilahila, me konaʻano a me keʻano o ka ikaika.
Hoʻopili i kaʻikeʻike o nāʻano likeʻole o Port (pēlā i Ruby, Vintage, LBV) a me nāʻoi akuʻoi aku no ka lawelaweʻana a me ka hoʻohuiʻana me ka meaʻai wale nō e hoʻonui i kahi hanana Panalana.
E hoʻouka i kekahi mau mea hana kūpono a kūpaʻa pono i kaʻikeʻike a ua hoʻokumuʻoe a ua makaukau e hoʻokomo i kahi hue o ka waina i hoʻokahe nuiʻia i ka honua.
Ka Moʻolelo o Port
Hanaʻia no nā kenekulia ma ka'āpana'āina o ka'ākau'ākau o ke awāwaʻo Douroka,ʻo Port he waina i hoʻoikaikaʻia e pili ana i keʻano o keʻano kapuaʻi a hiki mai i nāʻanoʻano mai ka'ōpili Ruby'ōpiopio a hiki i nāʻelemakule Tawnies, a me nā Pōʻalima Late-Bottled. keʻano kūlana ( a me ka uku ) o Vintage Port.
ʻO ka waina Port,ʻoiai e pili pū ana me Pokukala,ʻo ia nō kekahi hapa o kāna mea i hana ai iāʻEnelani ma keʻano he alakaʻi ( a me kaʻono ) o nā Brits e kaua ana ma Farani a hiki i nā kenekulia 17 a me 18. ʻO ka mea nui,ʻo ka waina Pelekāne i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 17 mai ka hopena o ka hakakā me ka hoʻomakaʻana e hoʻokani i kā lākou waina mai Pokukala, ma ka piko o Bordeaux (ka mea hilinaʻi o mua alohaʻo Claret).
Hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohui i ka waimaka i ka waina inu e kōkua ai i ka wā e holo ai iʻEnelani. ʻO kēia mea hōʻailona ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ka mea'eleʻa i ka waina i ka ikaika e hele i ka holo lōʻihi ma luna o kahi moku kūkoko me kaʻole e lukuʻia, akā ua hoʻohāmama nuiʻia ka waina i ka wā i hoʻokomoʻia ai ia i ka wīwī a waiho i ke koena o ke kōkoʻa ma kaʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe. .
ʻO ka hopena, he kūlana maikaʻi ko Ports no ka piʻiʻana o ka waiʻona, me kaʻike i ka maikaʻi, me ka nui o ke kino a me ka palae ma mua o nā waina'ē aʻe. ʻO nā poʻe o ka hulu waiwai a me nā makana maikaʻi e mahalo ana i nā Ports e hoʻohui ana i ka maʻalahi a me ka hana pīkino e hiki ai ke hana me ka meaʻai.
He aha ka hōʻa
ʻO ke awāwa Douro o Portugal, aia ma ka'ākau o ka'ākau o ka'ākau,ʻo ia ka māhele'āina ākea no ka uluʻana i nā hua wainaʻulaʻula a me keʻokeʻo ma mua o 50 a hoʻohanaʻia no ka hanaʻana i Port. ʻO nā hua waina ma waena o ka'āina e hele i loko o ke kahawai o Port,ʻo Touriga Nacional,ʻo Touriga Franca (ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā meaʻoluʻolu), a me Touriga Roriz (likeʻo ka hua waina maikaʻi e like me ke Tempranillo o Spain). ʻOiai ka hapanui o ka Port i hanaʻia mai nā hua waina momona, aia kekahi inoa iʻikeʻoleʻiaʻo "White Port," e like me ka inoa o ka inoa, i hanaʻia mai nā hua waina waina keʻokeʻo. Kapaʻia ka inoaʻo "Port" mai ke kai kūʻono o Porto, ke kūlanakauhale nui lua o Pokukala ma ka waha o ke kahawaiʻo Douro, kahi o nā moku kalepa i hoʻopaʻaʻia i nā kēpau o Port i hoʻomaka i ko lākou huakaʻi e hoʻi i ke kahakai iʻEnelani.
Pehea e hanaʻia ai
Hoʻomaka ka Port e like me nā waina'ē aʻe a hiki i ke kaʻina hana.
Hoʻokiʻiliʻia nā hua waina ma ka hāʻuleʻana ma hope o ka manawa o ka hakakā nui ma nā mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā'āina maloʻo schist maloʻo ma ka pāpū o nā māla wainaʻo Douro Valley.
ʻO ka hope, ua hoʻokomoʻia nā hua waina e huki i ka wai a hoʻomaka i kaʻai. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ka poʻe hana kiʻi Port i nā wāwae kahiko kahiko, "Ke aloha nei wau i kahi style Lucy" i ka puka ākea Lagares (ka pōhaku nui a me nā kine lololo) no ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka hua, akā naʻe i kēia mau makahiki i hala aku nei uaʻikeʻia ka hōʻeaʻana o nā mea kalaika mechanical, Loaʻa i ka waiwai nui. Ma hope o ka hahiʻana, pono ka māla waina, i loko o ka wai o ka hua waina hou i kaomi i nāʻanoʻano, nā hua, a me nāʻili waina no nā lā he nui a hiki i ka piʻiʻana o ka waiʻona i 7%.
I kēia manawa, ua paʻa ka wainaʻona i ka meli no ka hoʻopau kokeʻana i ka hoʻopunipuniʻana o ka waina , i ka hopuʻana i nā hua'ōpiopio hou o ka waina, a me ka paleʻana i nā meaʻona i ka hoʻomau i ko lākou hoʻololi maoli i ka waiʻona.
ʻO ke kumu kūʻai e waiho i ke koena o ke kōkoʻa ma mua o ka nui o nā waina, ma keʻano 100 g / L.
I ka hopena, ua hoʻokomoʻia ka pahu o ke keiki Port i loko o nāʻeke oak nui no nā mahina he 18 aʻoi o kaʻelemakule. I ka makahiki a me ka hapalua, ua hoʻopiliʻia kēia mau wainaʻo Port me nā waina'ē aʻe'ē aʻe no ka huliʻana i nā mea kōkua e hoʻopiha ai i ka waina maikaʻi me nā hua maikaʻi i hoʻopiliʻia, ka hoʻopiʻi aloha a me ka palekana. I kēia manawa, hiki ke hoʻoili i ka'ōpiopio'ōpio i nā pahu no kaʻelemakule a iʻole e hoʻomau i ka manawa i loko o kahi pahu e pili ana i keʻano a me keʻano o Port production i ka hana.
Nāʻano o ka pā
Ma nāʻano ākea, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻiaʻo Port iʻelua mauʻaoʻao like:ʻO Wood Aged a iʻole Kele Moku. ʻO nāʻoihanaʻo Wood-aged nā mea maʻamau no ka hoʻolāʻau wikiwiki, i hoʻolālāʻia e pau i ka wā'ōpio. ʻO nā nani nani o ka'ōmole, e like me Vintage Port, ua kūkuluʻia e hele i kahi lōʻihi, e pono ana i kahi makahiki heʻumi aʻelua paha e hiki ai i ke kūlana piha loa.
ʻO Porty Port
ʻO nā Ruby Ports, i kapaʻia no ko lākouʻano'alapuniʻoluʻolu, he mau'ōpiopio, nā waina e hiki ke hoʻokomoʻia me nāʻalaʻala hou, nā huaʻona i piha i ka hua a me keʻano o ka lōʻihi. ʻO kēia mau waina, he mau putea putea,ʻaʻohe hoʻokomo, i hanaʻia mai loko mai o nā hui waina a me nā mea kanu waina, nā makahiki i piha i nā makahiki 3 a he kaulana loa i nā kūʻaiʻana o nā US. Hoʻolālāʻia nā Ruby Ports e hoʻopauʻia i ka'ōpio aʻoluʻolu i kahi mea kupaianahaʻano maʻalahi.
Nā meaʻai e hoʻohui ai me kahi kahakai pīpī : Blue cheese, ka waiūkiko laka, a me nā mea momona.
ʻO Ruby Port Producers: Cockburn, Croft, Graham's Six Grape, Nieport, Taylor Fladgate, Warre's
ʻO Tawny Port
ʻO kahiʻo Tawny Port kahi hui o nā waina waina kahiko, e hōʻike ana i ka momona momona waiwai. Hoʻohālikelikeʻo Tawnies i kahiʻaoʻao maikaʻi o ka spectrum. Ma keʻano heʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lāʻau i ka lāʻauʻoka, e hoʻomaka ana konaʻeleʻele e hōʻalo mai i ka mīkini kalaʻula aʻoi aku i kaʻalani-ʻalani a iʻole ka "ʻulaʻulaʻula," e hiki pinepine ai i ka hohonu a me keʻano momona i ka wā i oʻo ai. I ka hopena o ke kaʻina maʻamau, e lilo ka hopena o Tawny i mea momona a ho'āla nā meaʻono i nā mea momona o nā huaʻamea momona, nā lā a me nā paona e hoʻohālikelikeʻia me nā mea hua hou i loaʻa ma loko o kahi kahawai Ruby.
Ma ka lepili, ua kapaʻia ka makahiki i ka manawa 10, 20, aiʻole 30 mau makahiki. ʻO kēia mau makahiki,ʻo ia ka hōʻuluʻulu maʻamau o nāʻano ulaʻula i hoʻohanaʻia ma ka huiʻo Tawny Port,ʻaʻoleʻo nā makahiki kūpono loa o ka waina i kona wā holoʻokoʻa. E hele mai anaʻo Tawny Ports i nāʻano likeʻoleʻekolu: Colheita,'Aʻawi a Hōʻikeʻia paha Makahiki. Ke kapaʻiaʻo Colheita Port he Tawny Port i hanaʻia mai nā huawaina a nā poʻe a pau i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. ʻOiaiʻo kahi Crusted Port kahi kīnahaʻole i hōʻiliʻiliʻia e hoʻoulu ai i nā mea lapuwale eʻikeʻia, "ka'ūpuku," a he pono e hoʻoholoʻana ma mua o ka lawelaweʻana. ʻO nā tahua Tawny i hanaʻia mai nā huiʻana i ka waina iʻelemakule i ka makahiki o ka makahiki, ua kapaʻiaʻo ka makahikiʻo Tavedy Port.
Nā meaʻai e hoʻohui me kahi kīpīʻoka: ʻAi i ka walaʻau, ka'ōmele caramel a me ka'ōpili piepona, nā hua maloʻo, ka waiū a me ka makalekaʻeleʻele, cheesecake, tiramisu, kaloka, a me ke kui.
Nā Tawny Port Producers: nā makahiki 20 o Cockburn, ka 10 makahiki o Dow, Graham 20 makahiki, ka makahiki 10 o Taylor Fladgate, 10 mau makahikiʻo Otimaʻo Warre
ʻO Vintage Port
ʻO ka Vintage Port kahi kīʻaha i hanaʻia me nā huawaina i hui pūʻia, i ka manawa pinepine mai nā māla waina likeʻole, e like nō ia mai ka makahiki waina hoʻokahi. Ma ka mōʻaukala, hōʻike waleʻia nā Pōʻalima Vintage i nāʻekolu a pau o kaʻumi makahiki ma ka awelika. ʻO nā hua waina maikaʻi, mai nā māla waina maikaʻi loa i nā makahiki maikaʻi loa, e'ākoakoa mai e hana i kahiʻo Vintage Port. ʻO kēia mau Ports ke hoʻohana nei i kahi o nā mahinaʻeono i ka lāʻauʻoka a laila heleʻia ka palakaʻole i loko o ka'ōmole no kaʻelemakule. ʻO kēia wāʻelemakule e pili ana i ke kani o kekahi mau makahiki he 20 aʻoi aku paha! Ma muli o ka hopena o ka wāʻelemakule lōʻihi, he papa kaumaha loa o nā mea lapaʻau e makemake ai i ka hoʻoholoʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ka aeration e hana ma mua o ka hoʻohanaʻana. Ināʻo Ruby Ports ka Port-level Port, a lailaʻo Vintage Ports ke pani nei i ka luna kiʻekiʻe ma ka pāʻani a me ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ka papa helu i kuhiʻia me ka hōʻailona "Vintage Port"ʻo ia ka "Late Bottled Vintage" Port (LBV) . ʻO kēiaʻanoʻano o Port i hanaʻia me nā huawaina mai kahi mea kanu waina hoʻokahi, akā he 4 wale nō 6 makahiki i ka lāʻauʻoka ma mua o ka waihoʻiaʻana o ka bottled a hoʻokuʻuʻia. Ua kaulana loa ka Late Bottled Vintage Port ma ke aupuni UK i kēia lā.
Nā meaʻai e hoʻohui ai me kahi hōʻailona Vintage: Blue a me Stilton kahi, nā almonds a me nā walnuts, nā makalekaleka a me nā mea maʻamau a ke kokoleka.
ʻO Vintage Pōlā Hua : Cockburn, Churchill, Dow, Fonseca, Graham, Sandeman, Taylor Fladgate, Warres
Wahi Pōhaku
ʻOiai ka inoa e hōʻike ana, aia ka White Port e loaʻa mai i nāʻanoʻaina keʻokeʻo maikaʻi a hiki ke hanaʻia i loko o nā mea maloʻo loa i nāʻano maʻamau. ʻO ka White Port ka meaʻoi aku ma luna o ka pāpale a me ke kino o ke kino ma mua o nā waina keʻokeʻo ikaika. Hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo ia he mea hanu, uaʻikeʻia kēia Port i ka lokomaikaʻi ma keʻano he "gin" i paniʻia i ka wā i hoʻohanaʻiaʻo "Port a Tonic" ma nā pōhaku.
Ka mālama a lawelaweʻana i ka Port
Pono e mālamaʻia nā pali Vintage ma nāʻaoʻao o lākou, ma kahiʻeleʻele a me ka hauʻoli e like me ko lākou mau waina waina. Ua makaukau Ruby a me Tawny Ports e inu i ka hoʻokuʻu kokeʻia a hiki paha iā lākou ke mālama ponoʻia a ma nāʻaoʻao paha. Ke weheʻia nā Ports mai kahi lā (Vintage Port) i nā hebedoma no Ruby Ports a me kekahi mau mahina no ka Tawny Port . I ka lawelaweʻana i Port, e ho'āʻo e mālama i ka mahana lawelawe ma kahi o 60-65 mau. ʻO ka lawelaweʻana i ka waina o ka waina me kahi'ākī liʻiliʻi e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā meaʻaʻala me ka nānāʻana i nā meaʻai a me nā meaʻono.
I kēia lā, ua hanaʻia nāʻano likeʻole o Port ma waho o Portugal ma nā māla waina. Eia naʻe,ʻo kēia mau Ports keʻano maʻamau mai nā huawaina hua waina a pinepineʻole i ka hohonu a me ka nani kupaianaha e hele mai me ka mea kumu. Ua kapaʻiaʻo Port Port Portugueseʻo iaʻo "Porto" ma ka lepili o ka'ōmole.