Butter (Kelemānia: "Die Butter") i hanaʻia mai ka momona i ka'ōpū o nā bipi, nā hipa a me nā kao (aʻo kekahi mau momona'ē aʻe kekahi). Uaʻikeʻia ka waipū (i kapaʻiaʻo ka waiu momona) ma nā'ōpū liʻiliʻi, puni i ka membrane o phospholipids a lipoproteins. ʻO ka lipids, aiʻole nā mea momona e kuhikuhi i waenakonu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa,ʻo nā phosphates a iʻole nā protein e like me ka wai wai i waho o nā pūpū. ʻO kēia ka mea nui o nā pōpō (0.1 i 1 micron i ke anawaena).
Ke hoʻokipaʻia, ua lilo ka'ōmole i ka pulu (ka'ōmole i kāhiʻia),ʻo ia hoʻi keʻano o ka hoʻouluʻana o ka ea a me nā laina pūpū momona i nā hōkū ea. Inā ua paʻi pū lākou no ka lōʻihi a ma ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (55-65 ° F) ma mua o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o kaʻaila (e pili ana i 40 ° F), e wāwahiʻia nā'ōpana honua a kaʻawale i nā pūpū'ē aʻe.
Hoʻopili kūpono a hoʻokuʻuʻia nā pūpū momona i ka hoʻoheheʻe wai a lilo i waikō wai ma ka momona, e hoʻokaʻawale ana mai kahi nui o ka wai a me ka waiū (whey). Me ka hoʻomaluʻana me ka hoʻomaluʻoluʻolu a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka manawa i kēia manawa, nui ka momona o ka momona, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai, ka liʻiliʻi o nā waiū waiū a me ka liʻiliʻi, a me nā kepau. ʻO kēia ka mea eʻoluʻolu ai ka paʻakai aʻaʻole i maʻaleʻa a'ōwili.
Ke kaʻawale ka wai paila mai ka momona a hiki ke holoi i ka waiū e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna mau mea mālama. A laila uaʻoluʻolu (inā eʻona i ka wai paʻakai) a hanaʻia e hoʻonui i ke kūlike.
No ka mea hou aku i kēia, eʻoluʻolu e nānā i ka Hōʻailona Dute a USDA.
ʻO nā Difiche i waena o ka German Butter a me ka Northter Butter
ʻO nā lālā US a me Kanada e noi aku ana i ka liʻiliʻi he 80% o ka momona o ka waiū ma ka pata, me ka nui o nā poʻe e hana ana i ka waiū me ka 81% mau momona o ka waiū (80-82%).
ʻO nā mea kūlana German, ma kaʻaoʻao'ē aʻe, ke'ōleloʻia he emi ma lalo o 82% mau momona o ka waiū (aiʻole ka papapona) a me ka waipona e ulu pinepineʻia a hiki i ka 85% waiū momona.
Ke kūʻai aku neiʻo Kelemānia i nā mea kanu iʻoi aku kaʻoihana (ʻono), akāʻo ka nui o ka waiu iʻAmelika Hemaʻo ka waiūpaʻaʻono.
Pehea i hanaʻia ai ka paila
Kuluʻia (butter Sauerrahmbutter) ma ka hoʻomohuʻana i ka waiʻa no ka hola 16 i mua o ka huapiʻi i ulu nuiʻia i nā hua waiū lapalapa (e like me ka wā e hana aiʻoe i ka'āpana, ke kalo a i ka kirimomi maikaʻi paha) . Ma hope o ka hoʻopunipuni, hoʻopiʻiʻia keʻano maʻamau. Pono ka pH o kēia waipū ma waena o 5.1 a me 6.4.
ʻO kekahiʻanoʻanoʻano paila i kapaʻia e ka European-bite i ka bacteria ma hope o ka paʻiʻiaʻana o ka waiū a kapaʻiaʻo "mildgeuerte Butter" ma Kelemānia. Ma muli o ka nui o ka wai i nininiʻia, ua liʻiliʻi ka hua liʻiliʻi a ua hoʻoemi i kahi lumi e hoʻoweliweli ai, e mālama ana i ke kālā o ke kālā. Pono ka wai pH i emi iho ma lalo o ka 6.4,ʻo ia hoʻi he liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi (laloʻole) ma mua o ka "Sauerrahmbutter" i'ōleloʻia ma luna.
ʻO ka wai heahea ka meaʻoi aku?
Hoʻomaopopo pinepine nā mea Bakers i ka waiū me ka momona o nā mea momona nui loa, ma kahi no nā mea hānai momona a me nā meaʻahaʻaina. Makemake lākou i ka waiūʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia e hiki ai iā lākou ke mālama i ka paʻakai paʻakai i loko o kā lākou hua. ʻO nā paʻakai paʻakai i loko o nā mea haʻupa paʻakai (ʻo ka meaʻono a me ka momona o ka wai) e like paha me ke 0.4% a 4%, ma muli o ka mea hana.
ʻO ka paʻakai paʻakai kahi i makemakeʻia i ka papaʻaina a no ka hoʻopauʻana i nā meaʻai.
ʻOi ka maikaʻi o ka wai'ūmūmū no ka hoʻopaʻaʻana i nā nūnū, no ka mea,ʻaʻole ia e lohi koke i ka wai iʻa a me ka mea e paʻa pono. ʻO kou makemake paha i kaʻono o ka waiʻakaiʻono a pilina paha ma muli o kahi i ulu ai a me kāu makemake. He nui nāʻAmelika eʻike i ka waiū iʻa no ka mea uaʻano nui loa lākou no ka mea ua ulu lākou me ka waiūpaʻa baila.
Ke Kiʻi o ka Pāʻakai a me ka Pāʻakai Pā
ʻAmiʻAmelikaʻAmelika (nānā i ke kiʻi) no ka mea hoʻohana pinepineʻia e nā mea kūʻai ke lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi,'āpīpī, nā pēpē'eneʻi pepa i 4 auneke i kēlā me kēia (ma kahi o 100 grams). Ma ke komohana oʻAmelika Hui PūʻIa, eʻoi aku ka pōkole a me ka momona o nā lāʻau. Akā naʻe, hanaʻia nā mea'ūlapa e like me kēia nui o ka wai.
I Kelemānia a me ka hapanui o ka EuropaʻAmelika, ua hoʻokomoʻia ka baila i 250 gram (e pili ana i 9 mauʻepa), nā kī i kāwiliʻia, e like me ka pīni i ka US.
Eia ke kiʻi o kaʻaila Boma ma loko o ka pāpaʻiʻona Pākani.
Kahi e kūʻai ai i ka BukeʻAna Pākehā
Aia kekahi mau mea hana ma ka US e hua nei i ka pailaʻoʻElia.
- ʻO Organic Valley'Elepona'okena Pākehā - 84% ka momona.
- Puni - 82% kaomi - ka meaʻono.
- ʻO ka mea'alapiliʻohana Straus - 85% kaona - maikaʻi,ʻaʻole kūlohelohe - ka hoʻonohonoho pūnaewele
- ʻO Vermont Butter and Cheese Creamery - 86% paʻakai - nā mea kanu, me ka hale kūʻai pūnaewele.
Loaʻa ka hapanui o kēia mau huaʻai ma nā meaʻai likeʻole e like me ka Food Food Market a iʻole nā Natural Growcers. Hiki keʻikeʻia ka pulupili i nā manawa ma nā supermarkets mau.
He aha ka Butterschmalz?
"Ke maopopo i ka" Butterschmalz "ka baila (eia kekahi kaʻina ma ka papa alakaʻi e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka waiū) aiʻole ka pata i hoʻolululuʻia, e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka wai a me nā waiū. Māmā i ka waiu waiu mai luna aʻo ka mea i koe e hoʻomaopopoʻia ka waiū. Kū lōʻihi ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka waiūpaʻa aʻaʻoleʻo ke ahi e like me keʻano o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka wela wela.
Aia kekahi huahana ma Germany i kapaʻiaʻo "Butterschmalz" aʻo ia kekahiʻano o ka pōkole pata. Malia paha he mea pai ke paniʻiaʻo Crisco e ka waiūpaʻa. ʻO Ghee heʻano pipi i hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia, koe wale nō keʻawaʻawaʻana o nā waiu waiu, e hāʻawi ana i ka momona i kahi'ōpū nalu. Inā lōʻihi kou manawa, e hoʻohana i ka hapalua o ka wai, a me ka hapalua o ka hinu i loko o kēlā me kēia uʻi a me keʻanoʻeleʻele e pani ai i "Butterschmalz." ʻO kaʻaila ka mea e mālama i ka waiū mai ka wela a paʻa i ke keʻa.