ʻO ka Phylloxera kahi kokoke i ka microscopic root louse a aphid paha,ʻo ia ka hopena o nā aʻa o Vitis vinifera hua waina, ma keʻano likeʻole e like me ka'ōpala o ka aphid i nā kolo a me nā lau, ma ka hanaʻana i nā ipu a me ka holoiʻana i kaʻai a ka mea kanu. I ka wā i hoʻopaʻaʻia me ka hopena phylloxera, hiki i ke kumu o ke kumu waina ke lilo i mea kaumaha loa, e lilo i mea paʻakikī no ka mea kanu e komo i ka wai a me nā meaʻai e mālama ai i kahi kumu waina.
ʻO ka hopena o nā hua'ōlelo phylloxera hope loa heʻano iki nō ia ma keʻano o ka hoʻomehana lepo e ulu ana ka waina. E mahaloʻia ka lepo lepo a me ka waina. lepo lepo a me ka waina e kū nei i kahi manawa e ola ai i ka hopena o ka phylloxera, no ka wai kūpono a me kahi noho kūponoʻole no ka hua pua phylloxera.
Auwēʻo Phylloxera
I ka waenakonu o ka makahiki 1800, ua lilo ka phylloxera infestation i maʻi ahulau ma waena o Farani a me ka hapanui o'Europa, e luku ana i nā hapakoluʻelua o nā māla waina o ka honua. Uaʻokiʻia nā hanauna o nā meaʻona waina a puhi i nā kumu waina heirloom i loko o ka ho'āʻo ikaika e hoʻopau i ka maʻi. Uaʻimi 'ia ka makaʻu a me nā hōʻoia i kahi ākea a ākea. ʻO keʻano palekana,ʻo ka kumu mua a me ka hopena o ka hōʻailona o ka'ōlohelohe o'Europa maiʻAmelika Hema. Ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo nui loa, ua hoʻoholoʻia ka hopena o ka phylloxera i ka US,ʻoiai ua kūʻokoʻa nā kumulāʻau oʻAmelika e like me ka hōʻeha o ka pahi.
ʻO kēiaʻano kūpaʻa e lilo ana i mea e loaʻa ai i kahi kūpono kūpono i nā pilikia phylloxera o'Europa.
Nā Kūkulu Kūkulu
Uaʻike nā kānaka noiʻi ma ke kāpiliʻana i kahi lāʻau Pākeina ma luna o ka Americanstock rootstock, hiki iā lākou ke hana hoʻomau i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka Phylloxera mai kaʻaiʻana i ke kumukūʻau o ke kumu waina a mālama i ka waiwai o nā kumu waiwai.
Ma kaʻaeʻana i ke kumu waina e mālama i konaʻano kūpono a me ka maikaʻi ma kahi o ke aʻa pakiaka, e hoʻonohonohoʻia ka hanauna hou o ka waina. ʻO kēiaʻike nui iʻikeʻia e nā mea hana e alakaʻi i ka hana nui o kaʻokiʻana i nā māla a pau a ke pani hou iā lākou i nā māla waina. Ua koiʻia nā mea hōʻailona kahiko e koho i ko lākou mau kumu waina maikaʻi e kālaiʻia ma nā pūnaewele hōʻemi nui, kahi i hoʻonui ai i ka koina o ka honua a puni.
ʻO ka Lilin Palena Manaʻoʻole o Phylloxera
Hoʻoponopono hou i hoʻokahi haneri mau makahiki a ua hoʻohuliʻia nāʻoihana o ke aupuni. I ka makahiki 1980, ua hoʻoukaʻia nā vines o Kaleponi e ka mana ikaika o Phylloxera. ʻO kaʻikeʻana i ka hopena rootstock ka mea koho wale nō, hiki i nā mea hana ke kāohi iā lākou iho no nā kumukūʻai nui o ka replanting me ka rootstock resistant phylloxera. Me kaʻoi aku o nā piliona kālā i mālamaʻia i nā kanu hou, ua hoʻokō pono nā mea kalepa Kaleponi i ka pākuhi pūnaewele a kanuʻia me ka manaʻo. Ua kanuʻia nā māla waina i nāʻano anuanu a me nā lepo e kūpono ana i ko lākou mau mea ulu. ʻO ke kapa kālā? Ka waina maikaʻi, nā koina o nā mea kūʻai aku, a me ka noiʻi mau e pili ana i kēlā phylloxera paʻakikī.