Nīnau: Ka moʻoleloʻo Fortune Cookie -ʻO wai iʻike i ka Cookie Fortune?
He aha ke kumu o kēia kukui kaulana?
E paneʻia: Ma hea mai kahi kukuna waiwai? ʻO ka pane maʻalahi,ʻo ia ka pahuʻai waiwai e like me kā mākouʻike i kēia lā - me konaʻanoʻano a me kahi waiwai i hōʻailonaʻia i loko -ʻaʻoleʻo Haina. Hōʻike muaʻia nā kuki o kēia lā i Kaleponi i ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka makahiki 1900. ʻO ka huliʻana ma lalo o ka mea nāna i hoʻopili ke kukui iʻole e hoʻopihaʻia kahi pāʻina kai a Chinese paha me kaʻoleʻoi aku o ka paʻakikī.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kumu kālāʻo Makoto Hagiwara aʻo David Jung. ʻO nā meaʻelua,ʻo Hagiwara, keʻano o ka ikaika.
ʻO Hagiwara, he mikini Kepanī i lawelawe ma keʻano he luna mālama i nā haleʻo Tea Keʻa mai ka makahiki 1895, ua hoʻomakaʻo ia e lawelawe i nā kuki ma ke Tea Garden i kekahi manawa ma waena o 1907 a me ka makahiki 1914. (Ua manaʻo kāna moʻopunaʻo George Hagiwara i ka lā pololei ma waena o 1907 - 1909). Hoʻokumuʻia nā kuki ma luna o nā senbei Kepanī - nā lapalapa laiki. Wahi a kekahi mau kumu; ʻO nā kuki i loko o ka mahalo i kāu mau mele ma mua aʻe o nā kūlana maikaʻi, a ua lilo pahaʻo Hagiwara i mea e mahalo ai i nā lehulehu no ka hoʻokipaʻana iā ia ma hope o kona puhiʻiaʻana e kahi maya kahakala.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokuʻuʻiaʻo Canton,ʻo David Jung, i Los Angeles. I ka makahiki 1916, ua hoʻokumuʻo ia i ka Hong Kong Noodle Company. Ua'ōleloʻo ia ua hanaʻo ia i kahi kuki uila i ka makahiki 1918, e hāʻawi ana i nā kīpiʻi'ūni i piha i nā hōʻailona'ōlelo hoʻoikaika o nā puke i nā kāne nele.
Eia naʻe,ʻo ka palapala pūnaewele Los Angeles Almanac eʻae mai neiʻaʻole he palapala ola e hōʻike ana i kona kūʻana me ka manaʻo.
I ka makahiki 1983, ua hoʻokolokolo ka Hale Hoʻokolokolo Hou o Kapalakiko e hoʻoponopono i ka hihia no ka manawa hoʻokahi. (ʻAʻole ka mana o ke alo o ka Aha, aʻo nā mea nui e pili ana i nā meaʻai e hoʻopauʻia e pili ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻana i ka soupena moa ma ka inoaʻo " Jewish Penicillin ").
I ka wā o ka hoʻokolokolo, ua hoʻolako kekahi i ka luna kānāwai me kahi kīʻaha waiwai i loko o ka memo: "SF Judge ka mea e hoʻoponopono iā LA me kahi kuki maʻalea." Ma keʻano kūpono iā Daniel M. Hanlon, ka luna aupuni pekelala e mālama nei i ka hihia, ua kauʻo ia i kāna mau hoʻoholoʻana ma luna o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi nui, e like me keʻano o nā meaʻai. Akā,ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka wā i noho ai ka 'Aha me Hagiwara a noho aliʻiʻo iaʻo Kapalakiko ka wahi hānau o ka kuki.
ʻAʻoleʻo ia iʻikeʻole, ua hōʻoleʻo Angelenos i ka hoʻoholoʻana: he nui nā kumu e hoʻomau i ka mahalo iā Jung me ka hanaʻana i nā kuki. Akā no kēia manawa, e hoʻomaopopoʻiaʻo Los Angeles (County) i ka wahi hānau hānau o ka Cobb Salad a me ka Hale Hoʻohanohano o Shirley.
A iʻole paha. ʻO kekahi mea'ē aʻe paha,ʻo ia ka kukuna waiwai i hanaʻia e kahi mea KepaniʻAmelika e noho nei ma Los Angeles. ʻO ia ka koi a nā mea waiwai o ka Fugetsu-do, kahiʻohana a me kahi meaʻai i hanaʻia ma ka mokuʻo Little Tokyo ma Los Angeles. Wahi a kaʻohana Kito,ʻo ka manaʻo no ka kuki waiwai i hānauʻia me ko lākou kupunakane,ʻo Seiichi Kito, nāna i hoʻokumuʻo Fugetsu-do i ka makahiki 1903.ʻOiai ua kaulana kokeʻo ia no kona mau lālani mele - i ka'ūniiki kīkī me nā mea a pau mai ka momi momiʻulaʻula ai ka wai pīnake - ma kekahi manawa ua hoʻomakaʻo Kito e hana i nā kuki a kūʻai aku i nā haleʻaina Kina.
Wahi a nā kumu o kona mau hoʻoikaikaʻanaʻo ia ka wai-kuji - i kākauʻia i nā pepa i loaʻa i loko o nā luakini Buddhist Japanese. (I kēia lā, eʻikeʻoe i nā omikuji-senbei - "nā mea mākaʻikaʻi lanakila" - kūʻaiʻia i nā bakena palaoa ma Iapana). Hōʻike ka pūnaewele o lākou i kahi leka 1927 e hōʻike ana i kahiʻAmelika Kepanika e noho nei ma Los Angeles me ka hanaʻana i kahi kuki maikaʻi. Hiki i nā poʻe kipa i ka hale kūʻai keʻike i nā moa kuki ma mua i ka hōʻike ma ka hale kūʻai mua "e hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo a me nā hoʻomanaʻo."
Akā, ma hea kahi e hoʻoulu ai i nā kuki mai nā lā hou? ʻOiaiʻoiai ua hōʻoiaʻia nā kīʻahi i kālepaʻia ma Kina e like me keʻano o ka'ōlaʻi paʻipaʻi e hiki i kaʻelima makahiki,ʻo ia paha ka Haina ma hope o nā mea a pau. I kēlā me kēia hāʻule (i ka lā 15 o ka malamaʻewalu ma ka papapaina Haina, e pololei) ua hoʻolauleʻa ka Chinese i ka Lā Moon Moon .
Ke lohe nei nā kamaliʻi i ka moʻolelo o ka pehea i ka 14th century, ua kiola ke Kina i ko lākou mau mea hoʻokaumaha Mongol ma o ka hūnāʻana i nā leka i Mooncakes (ʻaʻole nā Mongols iʻai). I ka pō o ka mahinaʻo Mid Moon, hōʻeuʻeu nā kipi a hoʻokahuli i ke aupuni, a hiki i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o ka moʻokūʻauhau Ming.
Akā naʻe, he moʻolelo wale nō ka moʻolelo, no ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻole i loko o Mooncakes kēia mau memo. Akā, manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi poʻe, i ka wā o ka moku kaua oʻAmelika i ka makahiki 1850, ua hōʻea mai nā mea hana kaʻaahi Līkini me ko lākou pani pani no nā lā mahina i hikiʻole ai iā lākou ke kūʻai: nā pōʻai homemade me nā huakaʻi maikaʻi i loko.
E like me ka moʻolelo mooncake,ʻaʻohe hōʻailona no kēia moʻolelo. A no ka hopena o ka loeaʻo Jasuko Nakamachi,ʻo Kepania, uaʻike mākou i ka manawa hoʻokahi e holo ana nā huakaʻi hao kaʻaina o Kina, "tsujiura senbei" (nā kīiki laiki kahi pepa waihona) i hanaʻia ma ka haleʻo Hyotanyama Inari ma waho o Kyoto i Iapana. Ua kiʻiʻiaʻo Nakamachi i kekahi kiʻi i loko o kahi puke 1878 e hōʻike ana i kahi kanaka grilling tsujiura senbei ma waho o ke keʻena. (punahele: Jennifer 8 Lee, Ka Moʻolelo Kuki Pauna).
No laila, kahi e loaʻa mai ai nā kuki. Ma kēia wahi,ʻo ka nui o nāʻike o kaʻike kahiko e'āpono ana me kahi kanaka i nīnauʻia no ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni " The Killing of a Chinese Cookie " nāna i'ōlelo: "Ua hanaʻo Japanese i ka kukuna waiwai, ua hoʻolahaʻo Kina, a uaʻaʻai nāʻAmelika." Akā, e like me ka mea kākauʻo Jennifer 8. Lee e'ōlelo ana, "he nane i nakinakiʻia i loko o kahi pohihihi i loko o kahi kuki."
E aʻo hou i ka moʻolelo Kuki
Ka PākīpikaʻAmelikaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻali: kahi kīʻaha a me Fortune
ʻO Ka Mōʻaukalaʻo Fugetsu-Do