E nānā Inā hiki iāʻoe ke hāʻawi iāʻoe i nā kāʻei Cigarette
Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei mākou i nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu, nā hua, nā teas, a me nā huaʻai i waena o lākou. ʻOiaiʻo kēia mau meaʻai a me nā mea inu e hoʻolaha i nā pono kūpono, kahi nui o lākou i loko o nā pūpona'eneka likeʻole me ka monocalcium phosphate, ka sodium benzoate, a me ka waiuma phosphoric.
ʻO Nicotine kekahi mea'ē aʻe i loaʻa i ka meaʻai a me nā mea inu. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa ka meaʻona i ka paka, eggplant, ka uala, ka puaʻaʻala, a me ke kē .
He ahaʻo Nicotine
ʻO Nicotine kahi meaʻenehana (C10H14N2) i loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i nāʻoihana kino kanaka a me nā holoholona. I loko o ka alkaloid wai kūlohelohe, aia nā waiwai e pili ana i ka mea i ka caffeine. Hoʻonohonohoʻiaʻo Nicotine e like me ka mea hoʻonāuki a hiki ke hana i kahi kūpaʻa ma lalo o kekahi mauʻano. ʻO ka hapanui o ka poʻe iʻike i ka nicotine ma ka ulaula, pale, aiʻole nā nicotine patch e loaʻa iā ia ke hoʻomaha. Loaʻaʻia ia i loko o nā mea kanu e pili ana i ka nightshadeʻeha, he lāʻau Belladonna i loaʻa ka lāʻauʻawaʻawa, e like me nā'ōmato a me nā pepa.
ʻO ka pilikia me Nicotine
I loko o nā pānaʻi nui, he meaʻawaʻawa loa ka nicotine a hiki ke make. Uaʻike hoʻokahi hoʻokahi i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka nicotine i ka wā e piliʻole ana i ka puhihiuma:
"Nō Nicotine kekahi mau pilikino olakino. He nui aʻe ka pōpilikia o ka maʻi o ka maʻi a me ka maʻi o ka maʻi, a me ka maʻi hemoʻole. nāʻano likeʻole e hiki ai i ke kanesa. E pili ana hoʻi i ka hoʻonuiʻia o ka maʻi a me nā kinasehe a hoʻokū i ke kū'ē i nā chemo a me nā leka uila. " - Ka Nānā Pelekikena o nā Haumana a me nā Kiʻi Oncology Pediatric
ʻO ke kuhiʻo Nicotine kekahi kuleana nui no ka pākiko cigare. Aia kahi'atika kahi 10 milligrams o ka nicotine. Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi wale nō aʻelua milligrams ke komo ponoʻia i ka wā e puhi ai kekahi cigaka, a hoʻokahi hoʻokahi milligram o ka nicotine i hoʻomoʻaʻia ma luna oʻekolu hola e pili ana i "ka paʻi pumeʻana" (e puhi ana i ka puhi) i loko o kahi keʻena me ka uahi.
ʻO Nicotine i ka Meaʻai
Nānāʻo Nicotine i kekahi mau meaʻai a hiki ke komo i loko o nā mea kanu'ē aʻe i ke kumu lāʻau ma o ka lepo. Akā,ʻo ka nui o ka nicotine āu eʻimi nei mai ia meaʻai he mea liʻiliʻi. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe e hiki i ka nicotine i loko o nā meaʻai ke hoʻonā i ka makemake o kaʻakaʻaka, akā he haʻahaʻa loa ka likelika.
ʻO kahi noiʻi a ka New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), "ʻO Nikoheko Nikohana o nā LāʻauʻAiʻAu," uaʻikeʻia he 10 maumu o ka eggplant i loko o hoʻokahi microgram o ka nicotine, akāʻo ka 19.2 grams o nā'ōmato i hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia kaʻano like o ka nicotine. Laweʻo ia i 1000 micrograms i hoʻokahi milligram, no laila ponoʻoe eʻai i nā kilokani 10 (a ma kahi paha o 22 paona eggplant) e lawe ai i nā nicotine e like me kāu e loaʻa ai i nā hola heʻekolu.
ʻO Nicotine i Kea
Nā hoʻopiʻi hoʻonaʻauao e hoʻopuni ana i nā kūlana o ka nicotine ma kahi o ke kē mai nā meaʻole / loaʻaʻole i 285 nanograms o ka nicotine ma ka'emu tea i loko o ke kaona wiki a me 100 nanograms ma kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele (inā he mau manawa maʻamau paha). I ka makahiki 1999 i ke aʻoʻana i ka nicotine i kaʻaina a me nā meaʻai i hōʻikeʻia,
"Loaʻa ka helu Nicotine i loko o nā lau lau e hiki ke loli a he nui aku paha i kekahi manawa ma mua o nā hua Solanaceae [e like me eggplants, uala, a me nā tōmato]."
Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka nicotine maʻalahi i ka noiʻana a ka NEJM i ka loleʻeleʻele i kūʻaiʻia ma kahi hale kūʻai maʻamau. Inā hewa ka hopena e like me nā noi mua o ka noi, e hoʻohanaʻia he 3.5 maukiona (ʻoi aku ma mua o 7.7 paona) o ke kaona mau, i loaʻa kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka nicotine i loko o ke aʻoʻana, e hāʻawi i hoʻokahi microgram o ka nicotine-ʻo ia ka nui e loaʻa iāʻoe mai ka manawa'ahihihi iki.
Ka inuʻona i ka Lā
Inā loaʻa ka nicotine i ke kī, ua haʻahaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua maopopo i kēia mauʻano,ʻaʻole kokoke i kēia kiʻekiʻe kēia mau mea e pili ana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka cigarette a iʻole ka makemake o ka mea keʻe. Eia hou, ua hōʻike mai kekahi mauʻepekema he meaʻokoʻa loa ka laweʻana o ka nicotine ma loko o nā akemāmā mai ka absorption o ka nicotine ma o kaʻeliʻana. No laila,ʻo ka hopena o kāu olakino e like me ka mea pupuhi, ka mea pāʻaniʻole, a iʻole ka meaʻona umauma mua e nanea, aʻoi aku paha i ka nui o nā pono o ke kī.
Ināʻoe e hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka loaʻaʻana o ka nicotine iʻole aʻaʻole paha i ka tiʻa, maiʻole. ʻOi aku paha i ke kuʻiʻana i ke kalo (a me ke kuhi kōpaʻa) ināʻoe e hoʻohui i ka sugar i kāu tila) ma mua o ka loaʻaʻana o kekahi pilikia me ka nicotine i ka ti.
> Kālā:
- > Benowitz, N., Hukkanen, J., Jacob, P. (2009). > Nicotine Chemistry, Metabolism, Kinetics, a me nā mea'eneke. Nā Nicotine Psychopharmacology, pp 29-60 (HEP, nui 192).
- > Mishra, A., Chaturvedi, P., Datta, S., Sinukumar, S., Joshi, P., a me Garg, A. (2015). Nā hopenaʻino o ka nicotine. Ka Nānā Pelekānia o ka Lapaʻau a me ka Oncology Pediatric: Luna Nui o ke Kula Nui o nā Kula Olakino a me nā'anikona Oncology , 36 (1), 24-31.
- > Siegmund, B. et al. Ka hoʻoholoʻana i ka helu nicotine o nā mea pale i nā meaʻai (Solanaceae) a me kā lākou huahana a me ka manaʻo o ka laweʻana i ka nicotine. Ka Palapala Noihana Huaʻai a me Wahia. 1999 47 (8), 3113-3120.
- > Thräne, C. et al. Ka hoʻoholoʻana i ka nicotine i ka ti ( Camellia sinensis ) na LC-ESI-MS / MS e hoʻohana ana i kahiʻano QUECHERS i hoʻololiʻia. ʻApelila 2015, Volume 241, Putanga 2, pp 227-232